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Reflections on Cymerau in the Spring  - Katherine Jones and Tom Payne

30/6/2016

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From May 26th to 29th the Cymerau artists and community members showcased creative projects devised with and for people in the Borth and Tal-y-bont area in Ceredigion, mid Wales.

This included Beached: The Final Landing by Jane Lloyd-Francis and Gwilym Morus-Baird;  Water Surgery by Jess Allen; Y Gors by Dafydd Sills-Jones, Anne Marie Carty and Nick Jones; Edafedd-dwr by Ffion Jones; The Water Shed by residents of the Borth Community Allottments and Stories, Songs, Science and the Sea by Peter Stevenson, Erin Kavanagh and Lynne Denman.

The following is written conversation between two participants in these events. Tom Payne was involved in organising the Spring Gathering with other members of the local team. Katherine Jones is a former Aberystwyth resident and is a Towards Hydrocitizenship team member working on the Water City Bristol case study.

Ar Lan y Leri

The weekend began on Thursday evening with Beached: The Final Landing, which was the last installment in a series of walks and public events organised by Jane and Gwilym under the title Ar Lan y Leri (beside the Leri). The Leri is one of three rivers that run through the Cymerau Case study area; the others include the Ceulan and the Dyfi, all of which combine in the waters of the Dyfi Estuary which flow into the Cardigan Bay.

Katherine: A group of mainly Borth residents assemble at the Ynyslas nature reserve for a short walk inland along the edge of the main Ynys Las car park and along to the river Leri. At this point, the mouth of the river, we are treated to Suzanne Iuppa reading some beautiful poetry.  Suzanne has come down from Mold, and has an American accent. Her poems are a response to a landscape initially unfamiliar to her, but they have bubbled up through impressions and conversations gathered through walking some of the Leri. For my own part, having grown up in this area, I never knew this particular river which runs past the back of the Borth train track, and along part of the coastal path which I have walked, is called the Leri.

Tom: I have never walked inland at Ynylslas.  Every other time I have been here I’ve followed the boardwalk through the dunes out towards the sea. I am reminded of a time many years ago that I had a brief part in a film playing Timothy Spall’s body double. I had to sit on a bench in a long trench coat so that the filmmakers could film him/me from behind looking out to the horizon; not the most flattering casting decision. Further inland, close to the boat yard at the mouth of the Leri, I’m taking in the awesome view that stretches eastwards beyond the flat esturine landscape to the hills above Tal-y-bont. I can see small white windmills spinning briskly on and between the green peaks as I listen intently to James Meek talk about the wrecked ships that lie below the surface of the water in the estuary. Small wooden posts jut upwards, some distance away, marking the location of one of the vessels. I can hear James’ voice clearly, even at a distance, like he is speaking to me in a small room, which is surreal, given the backdrop. It’s difficult to bring our immediate location into relation with the enormatiy of the vista, which seems somehow like it might be a painting on enormous stage flats.

Katherine: We meander back to the nature reserve centre where chairs have been set up for an audience, to watch Jane and Gwilym share their impressions from their three-day journey from source to sea of this river. The walls are adorned with pictures of snakes and birds, and a list of birds recently spotted in the Ynyslas nature reserve. Jane and Gwilym’s impressions involve recorded conversations, recounted stories of encounter (with the owners of a watermill, with a hare…) and musical compositions ranging from electronic loops of mbira music, and folk songs in Welsh with accompanying ukulele or mandolin.

Tom: The event takes the form of a staged conversation between the two performers. Opening occasionally to include the audience who respond with interest and offer corrections or additional insights. The autobiographical nature of their account is inviting and allows me to make connections with places that I have never been. Following their narrative, I travel downstream with them from location to location, imaging myself deep within the rural Welsh landscape east of the estuary. They weave music, poetry, anecdotes and historical facts into their personal accounts of the places that they passed through on their way from source to sea, and in doing so produce a layered account of this part of Wales.

Katherine: At the end of the performance, Gwilym plays the last conversation between himself and Jane, recorded at the ‘end’ of the Leri as it reaches and flows out into the Dyfi Estuary. They muse on what an ending even means, this is the end of what is called the Leri, but not an ending in any meaningful way for the water that flows, which will flow into the sea, evaporate, rain down again, flow again through the river, and so on, infinitely. It’s an ending though of a conversation begun by the Cymerau project, and they muse on this too. Is it art, they wonder? Particularly the representation that they have treated us to. The journey and the conversations along the way were the art posits Jane, but supposes that the outcome, this sharing, is also art.

Tom: In conversation with Suzie Gablik, Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett refers to the ‘art of living’; this is not the art of the gallery or the museum, or professional artists, although she’s quick to point out that it’s anything but amateur, it’s the art of ‘domestic interiors, the table, food, language [...] the arts of sociability, conversation, etiquette and dress’ (https://www.nyu.edu/classes/bkg/web/gablik.pdf). For me, Jane and Gwilym’s representation of their three-day journey down the river Leri is a poetic construction of lived experience. It includes their encounters with people and place, the micro politics involved in spending prolonged periods of time in the company of another person, making decisions about which turning take, and so on. But its also much more than that, this lived experience has a poetic inflection constituted by Gwilym’s mindful act of composing music by the river or in response to the landscape, and Jane’s beautifully written prose. Their deliberate act of walking is artfully performed and represented here, in a mode of exposition that invites us to attend not just to the narrative, but to the place in which the story is being told. Two words/phrases that they used to decribe their journey - ‘honouring’ and ‘paying attention to’ really stuck out to me. Particularly when used in relation to water. The event is an ‘honouring’, a ‘paying attention to’ that invites us to do the same. It’s a gentle invitation, but it’s a political one too. For me it’s saying something very firmly about our abstracted relationship to the water that we use and the natural environment from which it comes. But it’s also one that speaks of a particular priviledge, which the artists themselves draw attention to, that of being able to step outside of everyday life and to spend time, watching, listening, thinking, ‘pay attention’, ‘honouring’...

Katherine: Later I have a conversation with Tom around the questions of ‘what is art?’ ‘what is participatory art?’ ‘what is community art?’. I remember back to a philosophy course I took a very long time ago with a reading list that included Tolstoy’s What is Art? Tolstoy’s argument, as I remember it, is that the best form of art is that which is the most common, that is to say the type of art that the most people can relate to. It shouldn’t be obscure, or refer to things or even spiritual or emotional senses that would not be easily identifiable to the person least interested in the study of art. Tolstoy’s argument is very much about inclusivity. The Cymerau project and the Towards Hydrocitizenship project as a whole, also aspires to this kind of inclusivity, and this is realized in the various sub-comissions emerging from it, though inevitably, events are prone to attracting the same group of people who happen to be interested in these sorts of things. Questions also arise around differing understandings of art and creativity. The constraint of inclusiveness can mean that more edgy and difficult creative pieces are excluded. In the Bristol case study for example, we have had rather an extensive focus on tides and tidal landscapes in Bristol without touching much on legacies of slavery, issues of flooding, or explicitly thinking about the effects of a tidal barrage, although at points in the programme all of these things came up and were talked about. Yet the creative work itself was not about engaging with and addressing these more difficult topics in a direct way, and I have wondered at times whether we are watering down (pardon the pun), the darkness as well as the light that is existent in all life. Rebecca Solnit talks about how life is a combination of dark and light, and that we need to embrace both in our understanding of it….

So is this art? Is it good art? Is it participatory art? Do the answers to any of these questions matter?

Read more by Katherine Jones  
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Cymerau Spring Festival Conversations Part 2

30/6/2016

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From May 26th to 29th the Cymerau artists and community members showcased creative projects devised with and for people in the Borth and Tal-y-bont area in Ceredigion, mid Wales.

This included Beached: The Final Landing by Jane Lloyd-Francis and Gwilym Morus-Baird;  Water Surgery by Jess Allen; Y Gors by Dafydd Sills-Jones, Anne Marie Carty and Nick Jones; Edafedd-dwr by Ffion Jones; The Water Shed by residents of the Borth Community Allottments and Stories, Songs, Science and the Sea by Peter Stevenson, Erin Kavanagh and Lynne Denman.


The following is written conversation between two participants in these events. Tom Payne was involved in organising the Spring Gathering with other members of the local team. Katherine Jones is a former Aberystwyth resident and is a Towards Hydrocitizenship team member working on the Water City Bristol case study.


The Watershed

On Saturday, an open invitation was extended to members of the general public to visit the Borth Community Gardens. From Borth train station platform, which looks out onto Borth Bog, the gardens can be located by walking to the end of the platform and through a walkway gate. This is part of the coastal path walk, which curves inland a great way after Borth to get around the Dyfi estuary. It can be accessed from this direction by passing through the gate and down a lane, across the tracks and past a derelict looking barn with three small ponies moseying about next to it, and then towards the church and cemetery. Just before reaching these, is a slight right turn leading to the gates of the Borth Community Garden and allotments. Started five years ago by a group of people who got together, and were given a small piece of land by a local farmer for whom it was simply more grazing land for sheep (no shortage of that in Wales!), the community garden is the site of The Water Shed; a timber framed building designed using found and recycled materials, with the aim of providing a meeting/workshop space for community members.

Katherine:  We are greeted on arrival by Caspar and Anne, who offer us tea or coffee and tell us the story of the community gardens, while we munch some homemade pakoras brought by Anne (made with gram flour). The space is beautiful. Bunting adorns a gorgeous pond as damselflies alight on lilypads, an orchard of fruit trees is punctuated by a chicken enclosure with several plump and healthy-looking chickens, and the place feels full of warmth and buzzing with vibrance and life (or that might be the bees from the two hives also in the orchard!). The top of the gardens afford a beautiful view of the Dyfi estuary in the distance, while the peacefulness of the surrounding landscape of bog and sea soaks in.

Tom: The gardens are partitioned into small allotments. Some are growing seasonal vegetables, others are carefully manicured, while several look like re-wilding is taking place. Our conversation with residents reveals that nettles and thistles are very much a deliberate choice on the part of some community members. Woe betide anyone who tries to cut them down! We are told that within hours of receving permission to use the field for allotments, the first stake went in the ground, marking out one man’s territory. Many sheds are dotted around the various plots, each one is unique, and adds individuality and personality. In contrast to the individual plots, are the communal areas, the polytunnel, the fledgling orchard, the communal tool shed, which are all suggestive of amicable collaboration. Athough we’re told that it pays to be quick if you want save any of the apples from scrumping.

Katherine: The Watershed is the name of the project, and the building that the members of the community garden, led by Jono, a professional builder, are building. The timber frame is up and three men are clambering about on it, hammering in joints and joists (my building knowledge is being tested here). The building will not be connected to water and electricity, but will have solar panels on the roof, and will collect water running off the roof into a storage tank. The goal is to use the energy from the solar panels to pump the water to the top of the gardens. It will also serve as a small hub for the community garden, a space where people can stop for a cup of tea perhaps. Also in process is a pizza oven a little further up the slope, created in the shape of a pregnant woman. I’d like to visit again when it’s up and running!

Tom: The ‘pizza oven’ was salvaged from the Aberystwyth Arts Centre Ceramic Festival. Its former designation as kiln is a somewhat distant one, as it awaits restoration. And it is not the only evidence of such purposeful re-imagining. Salvaging and re-using are themes that stand out strongly in this place. The re-purposing of land, the re-location of sheds, the recycling of materials to build the Water Shed.


Katherine: After a wander around the site, observing the water tanks and taps, admiring the view, and talking about planting and plots, and the amazing transformation this piece of land has undergone in only five years, we return to the gazebo [is that what that tent thing is called?] where several people are painting the bottoms of clear glass jars, which will be embedded into the wall of the watershed, a kind of communal stained glass window. I ask if I can join in and Tom and I then sit and paint jars with several women. A man is sprawled out on a blanket with his two beloved dogs, and a couple of girls sit next to him coloring in books. Next to me is a young woman who tells me her partner has a plot in the allotments and so she comes along. Conversation meanders from the project, to the group of people who are involved, to what brought them together, and to Borth. It seems that there are a lot of artists in the area, attracted to the peace and quiet. And yet people come through from all over the place, there are always international connections. A friend who used to live there is now on an island somewhere off the coast of British Columbia doing organic farming. A couple from South Africa are about to come to stay in Caspar’s Airbnb.

Tom: I believe Owain has stayed there too.

Katherine: Painting the bottoms of jars feels therapeutic, and we talk about this a little. I am reminded of a recent book called Art as Therapy by Alain Du Botton. As we paint, conversation ebbs and flows without pressure, without rush. I remember reading a story in which someone said they had their most heart-to-heart conversations with their mother when they were shelling beans together, and this has a feeling like that. Naturally we talk about the Watershed project, but more so the community gardens, and Anne talks about some future project she wants to do next, using the groynes that are currently abandoned in a tip. She has chainsaw work to do but decides not to disturb the mellow peace of our activity. Several of them are going to ‘True Tales’ in the Friendship Inn in the evening, the last of the season apparently, and they encourage us to come along. These are activities that hold the group together.


Katherine: We talk a bit about the ‘water project’ as they call it. Cymerau or Towards Hydrocitizenship being a bit of a mouthful clearly. One person quotes another Borth-based friend as saysing ‘if one more person comes and tries to talk to me about climate change!’. I express a bit of surprise thinking most of the projects I’ve come across haven’t explicitly mentioned climate change, though obviously it wont’ only be our arts projects but many others as well, which have alighted on this strange and wonderful little place as being in the line of sea level rise. There seems to be an awareness of this among the people we talk to in any case. I mention that our project deliberately set out not to explicitly talk about climate change or flooding, but to allow people’s understandings of and relationships with water to emerge through conversation. And emerge they do. Now that we’re on the topic, people talk about their own relationships with the prospect of climate change affecting Borth. They note that some people don’t want to think about it and would rather put their fingers in their ears and go ‘la la la la’ than hear about it. Others feel a bit helpless and wonder what to do. And others do things like the community garden, building a sense of community, camaraderie and being in it together.

Katherine: I’ve been listening to a podcast interview with Rebecca Solnit, called Falling Together, in which she discusses people’s responses following disasters. The way that people spring up to help, opening their homes, providing food and shelter to those affected, donating blood, showing up and helping. This is something that is witnessed time and again, and a narrative that is often left out of the media. Solnit wonders about how this spirit is fostered at times when there is no disastrous event, and as I sit and paint the bottom of a glass jar, I think this is exactly the kind of way that it happens (or is brought about). These are the people who in a disaster will be there for each other. This is what some would call the building of ‘resilience’, and of ‘community’ and of ‘community resilience’.


As an afterthought, I wonder if this would all be happening without interventions like Cymerau, and I imagine it would. But Cymerau has given such things a boost, which seems the most appropriate intervention that a short duration project could be involved with. Rather than trying to re-invent the wheel, the project has come along as part of a flow of things and in a fluid way become a small part of existing activities and networks, potentially transforming, in a small way, the relationships within and between those networks... Perhaps in any case the transformation is about us and not 'communities'. In this space, Tom and I both reflect on how this project feels good and how we're glad to have been part of something like this, even in a small way. We are learning something, perhaps many things, from being present in such spaces, without trying too hard to frame or impose our own ideas and structures onto these interactions.

Read more by Katherine Jones
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Cymerau Cynulliad y Gwanwyn | Spring Gathering

16/5/2016

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Pedwar diwrnod o ddigwyddiadau, gweithgareddau a dangos ffilmiau.
Four days of events, activities and film screenings. 
26-29 Mai 2016
Mae hyn i gyd am ddŵr! It’s all about water!

​https://www.facebook.com/events/214875785564114/
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Programme of Events

Please also find the programme on Facebook: ​https://www.facebook.com/events/214875785564114/
For more information please phone ecodyfi: 01654 703965. Everyone welcome! Croeso i bawb!
Find event details of Facebook

'Water Surgery' (Pop-up Event)

Gyda/With Jess Allen
Edrychwch ar ddigwyddiadau eraill ar gyfer amseroedd a lleoliadau lle gall hi ymddangos.
See other events for times and venues where she may appear. 
https://www.facebook.com/events/1023759380995382/

'Beached: The Final Landing' (Event)
Gyda/With Jane Lloyd Francis a/and Gwilym Morus-Baird
Dydd Iau, 26 Mai Canolfan Ymwelwyr Ynyslas | 6:30yh taith gerdded fer | 7:30yh o dan do ar gyfer y prif ddigwyddiad. Thursday 26 May | The Ynyslas Visitors Centre | 6:30pm for a short walk | 7:30pm indoors for the main event.
https://www.facebook.com/events/824756584325065/

'Y Gors' (Film)
Gan/By Anne Marie Carty, Nick Jones, Dafydd Sills-Jones
Dydd Gwener, 27ain Mai | Neuadd Isaf Neuadd Goffa Tal-y-bont 7:30yh.
Friday 27th May | Tal-y-bont Memorial Hall (Lower Hall) 7:30pm.
https://www.facebook.com/events/1057679634270714/

'Edafedd-dwr / Water-yarn' (Film)
Gan/By Ffion Jones
Dydd Gwener, 27ain Mai | Neuadd Isaf Neuadd Goffa Tal-y-bont 7:30yh.
Friday 27th May | Tal-y-bont Memorial Hall (Lower Hall) 7:30pm.
https://www.facebook.com/events/502576483262788/

'Water Shed'
Gyda/With Helen Kennedy a ffrindiau/and friends
Dydd Sadwrn, 28 Mai | Gerddi Cymunedol Y Borth. Dewch draw unrhyw amser rhwng 10yb a 4yh.
Cysylltwch â 01654 703965 i gael cyfarwyddiadau.
Saturday 28 May | Borth Community Gardens. Come along any time between 10am and 4pm.
Call 01654 703965 for directions.

https://www.facebook.com/events/1727278380894280/

'Stories, Songs, Science & the Sea'
Gyda/With Lynne Denman, Erin Kavanagh a/and Peter Stevenson
Dydd Sul, 29 Mai | Hostel Ieuenctid Y Borth. Taith a Gweithdy 11yb-4yh | Perfformiad gyda’r nos 6yh.
Sunday 29 May | Borth Youth Hostel Walk and Workshop 11am-4pm | Evening Performance 6pm.

https://www.facebook.com/events/117044392044316/
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Ar Lan y Leri

22/4/2016

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We would like to invite you to a Social Evening : Siop Siarad
In the Babell Chapel Dol y bont
At 7.30 pm on Thursday April 28th
 
To enjoy a cuppa and cake, listen to some music and gather stories.
 
Gwilym Morus Baird and Jane Lloyd Francis are creating a journey down the Leri to be told in music, poetry and prose. We need your stories and experiences of the river, its sources, tributaries, flows, eddies and surrounds to weave into this work.
 
They can be stories from the past or for the future, personal, mythic or made up, we will also invite some special expert guests to help provoke and inspire our discussions.
 
It ‘s all about water.
 
Please do join us if you can. Croeso i bawb.
 
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When policy and real lives collide

22/3/2016

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Gwilym Jenkins | Image by Ffion Jones
During my visit to retired farmer Gwilym Jenkins this morning, we discussed issues from a farming perspective that often we shy away from. Policy, environmental activism, pasts and presents. What became very clear is the fact that governmental policy since the war has influenced and affected land use. Governments encouraged a productivity and intensive farming that inevitably became damaging to our environment. It is now the job of schemes like Glastir to rectify that damage.

In my current creative thinking around the subject of Hydrocitizenship, I am attempting to weave narratives which complicate our perhaps black and white view of farming activity. Using a narrative of compulsory dipping during the 70's to the early nineties, I draw out a story of ignorance: an ignorance of the OP chemicals that the government were asking farmers to use for twice yearly compulsory dipping, and an ignorance from farmer's about not only the chemicals, but how carefully managed the waste needed to be.

Gwilym explains how before the government grants were introduced 'willy nilly' in the post war period, farming was a much more social activity. Never profitable, but the farmers were their own masters, and they treated their land with respect. Farmers would look out for one another, helping each other out at shearing time to wash the sheep in the rivers, ploughing and 'plygu sietyn' hedge-laying. He suggests that had the grants during this period been for encouraging skills such as hedge-laying, stone walling, clearing ditches etc. the damage might never have occurred. It was during this time that grants were given for clearing hedges, spreading fertilizer, weed-killing etc. and of course, farmer's took the money; but with it  came a change in attitude towards the occupation, and farming became less social and more interested in profitability.  

Gwilym and I stood on the bridge over the river Ceulan, near his home. He mourned the loss of the fish in the river, and wanted to know why they were no longer there. I felt his sadness when he looked over at the clear water. Neither of us had a concrete answer...he told me that when they used to dip the sheep nearby, the river was full of fish. They stopped dipping fifteen years ago and he noticed about five years ago that there were no longer fish here. We walk back to his home, stopping to admire his yearling bulls who are still wearing their winter coats; their hair curled messily on their warm, fluffy heads.

 In his house, I admire his collection of photographs on the wall; his many grandchildren and all of their achievements. Nestled amongst them, is a black and white image of his wife, and his wife's friend standing on the bridge that we've just visited; smiling elegantly for the camera. Gwilym talked about how early electricity came to Talybont, and how the mills were the reason for this. Hydro-electricity seemed to be common in and around the village at one point, he told me that he didn't understand why more small-scale hydro-electric schemes weren't installed locally instead of the wind turbines.

There are less of Gwilym's generation left in the local area now. Less farmers who have the skills that would have inevitably been a valued asset to any farming enterprise. Less farmers who remember such drastic changes in not only agricultural policy and agricultural innovation but also in the social aspects of the farming culture. In order to move forwards, we have to look backwards and try not to repeat the mistakes of previous generations.

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Sgwrs gyda Ffion Jones- artist a ffermwraig yn Nhal-y-bont 

4/2/2016

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Detholiad o sgwrs gyda Ffion Jones, sydd yn artist ac yn ffermio yng nghanolbarth Cymru. Mae Ffion wedi cwblhau PhD ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth, a oedd yn cyfleu bywyd ffermio i'r cyhoedd, drwy ddulliau celfyddydol. Mae hi hefyd wedi ei chomisiynu gan Cymerau/Hydrocitizenship i archwilio perthynas ffermwyr gyda dŵr, ar hyd yr afon Leri.
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Ffion Jones. Llun: Sara Penrhyn Jones 14/08/15
Sara: Beth yw dy gysylltiad gyda’r ardal yma? Be dan ni’n ei weld tu ôl i ti?

Ffion: Dyma lle ‘dw i’n byw, nawr, yn Nhal-y-bont, ond 'dw i'n wreiddiol o Fachynlleth, wedi symud yma tua chwe mlynedd yn nol.  Nawr 'dw i’n byw yma gyda fy nghariad i, a fy merch fach ar y fferm. Ni’n ffermio fan hyn: defaid, ac ychydig bach o wartheg, a cheffylau. Dim ffermio ceffylau, ond mae pobl yn rhentu stablau ac yn cadw eu ceffylau nhw fan hyn. 

Sara: Sut fyddet ti’n disgrifio dy gysylltiad di gyda’r tirwedd, yn yr ardal hon?

Ffion: 'Dw i wastad wedi bod yn berson sydd yn hoffi bod tu allan, ac make fy nghysylltiad i gyda’r tirwedd yn naturiol wedi dod o fy mhlentyndod ‘dw i’n credu, ac o’r ffaith fy mod i’n ferch fferm o Fachynlleth.  Felly ro’n i allan o hyd.  Ac mae’n bwysig, wrth gwrs, efo ffermio, i fod allan efo’r anifeiliaid ac i edrych arnyn nhw bob dydd, ac i tsecio fod ganddyn nhw fwyd a dŵr ac yn y blaen.  'Dw i'n nabod Talybont wrth gwrs achos 'dw i’n byw yma, ond dydi’r cysylltiad ddim mor ddwfn efallai.
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones 30/11/2011
Sara: Beth oedd pwynt dy PhD, a beth oedd hynna yn ei olygu o ran y ffordd roeddet ti'n byw dros y cyfnod yna?
​
Ffion: Roedd y PhD yn ymwneud â ffermio, ond hefyd gyda chelf. Trio ffeindio ffordd o esbonio sut beth yw bywyd fferm i’r cyhoedd. Dyna beth oedd y prif nod. Doedd y gwaith artistig ddim i’r ffermwyr eu hunain. Ro’n i wastad wedi teimlo fod 'na lot o farn am ffermio a chefn gwlad yng Nghymru, ac mae’r gwahaniaeth rhwng y bobl sydd yn dod yma i wneud ‘outdoor pursuits’, pethau hamddenol, cerdded ayyb, mae 'na ryw fath o 'disconnection' rhwng y bobl yna a’r ffermwyr, ro’n i’n teimlo.
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones 14/12 /2011
Ro’n i eisiau creu gwaith oedd yn trio esbonio iddyn nhw, a siarad am y tensiynau rhwng y gwahanol bobl oedd yn defnyddio cefn gwlad. Nes i wneud pedair mlynedd o waith maes, sef ethnography, a bod gyda’r bobl yma, a gwrando yn astud ar beth redden nhw’n dweud, a chymryd lluniau.  Ac wedyn ro’n i’n gwneud gwaith pob blwyddyn- gwaith ffilm, gwaith perfformio ayyb.
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones 22/11/2011
Sara: Wrth gwrs roeddet ti’n gyfarwydd gyda’r diwylliant yma yn barod, ond cafodd unrhyw beth newydd ei ddatgelu drwy’r broses yma? Sut fath o ddarganfyddiadau nes di, ti'n meddwl?
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Ffion: ‘Dw i’n credu mai’r prif ddarganfyddiad o’r broses wnes i oedd y perthynas rhwng y ffermwyr a’u hanifeiliaid fferm, ac mor gymhleth oedd y berthynas yna rhwng y defaid mynydd Cymreig ar ffermwyr eu hunain. Roedd o lot fwy cymhleth nag o’n i wedi -  dim bod i heb sylweddoli, ond ro’n i bron rhy ofnus i ddweud mor bwysig oedd y berthynas yna rhwng yr anifeiliaid a’r ffermwyr. 'Dan ni ddim yn meddwl am ein hanifeiliaid fel darnau o gig, neu arian, yn rhedeg o gwmpas ein tir. Dyw e ddim fel na, mae o’n berthynas  mwy, mwy fel rhywun efo’u plant. Dach chi’n teimlo'r un cyfrifoldeb tuag atyn nhw, a dyna oedd fy mhrif nod: meddwl am ffordd gallwn i siarad am ffermio a chyfleu hyn i bobl, yn enwedig os does ganddyn nhw ddim byd i gymharu fe efo. Achos dyw o ddim yn waith, jest bywyd. Does dim gwahaniaeth rhwng bywyd a gwaith. Ti ddim yn dod adre ar ddiwedd y dydd a dweud: 'that was a good day in work'; mae bywyd a gwaith yr un peth. Felly roedd hynna yn rhan o’r broses, i ffeindio dulliau i siarad am hynna. 
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones 22/11/2011
Sara: Beth am yr ochr gelfyddydol, mewn ffordd roeddet ti yn dy gymuned dy hun, ond roeddet ti yna yn holi a chymryd lluniau. Sut ti’n meddwl oedd pobl yn ymateb i’r gwaith roeddet ti’n ei wneud? 

Ffion: Ar y cychwyn roedd ychydig o bryderon - 'ti mor agos i’r ymchwil'- ond o’n i’n teimlo mod i wedi gweithio gyda hunan-fywgraffiad o’r blaen. Ro’n i’n teimlo mod i’n gallu creu bach o bellter rhwng fy hun a beth ro’n i’n edrych arno. 'O’n i ddim yn poeni ond o’n i yn meddwl fod bach o nerfusrwydd am y ffaith mod i’n edrych ar fy nheulu fy hunan.  

I ddweud y gwir, rhan bwysig o’r PhD oedd y ffaith mod i tu fewn i'r teulu, a thu fewn i'r fferm ro’n i'n ei nabod,  ac felly roedd y gwaith yn fwy dwfn. Allwn i ddim bod wedi gwneud y gwaith yna heb y profiad o fod yna o fod yn blentyn ar y fferm,  a gweithio gyda fy nheulu.
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones 14/12 /2011
Sara: Ti di sôn am berthynas ffermwyr gyda’r anifeiliaid, ond beth am eu perthynas gyda’r tir? Achos un o’r pethau 'dw i'n teimlo fel person tu allan i fŷd ffermio- mae pobl yn aml yn sôn am ffermwyr fel gelyn yr amgylchedd. Oes gen ti deimladau am hynna, nes di ddatblygu dros y PhD?

Ffion: Mae elfennau yna, ond achos fod fy nheulu fi yn rhentu’r fferm, maen nhw'n teimlo’n gryf am y tir, wrth gwrs, ond efallai fod hynny'n ffactor. Mae 'na bolisïau newydd amaethyddol wedi dod i mewn,  a rhai sydd wedi gorffen, sydd yn canolbwyntio ar agweddau amgylcheddol. Weithiau, mae 'na ryw fath o ‘blanket like approach’ i bawb, ond dyw pob fferm  ddim yn elyn. Mae 'na rai, wrth gwrs, dydw i ddim yn siŵr am agribusiness, ond ffermydd mynyddog, mae hynna llawer mwy cymhleth.  Os ti'n tynnu defaid oddi ar y mynydd mae pob math o bethau yn tyfu, fel brwyn a choed. Byddai rhai pobl yn hapus efo hynny, ond beth am y bobl sydd eisiau cerdded? Ti ddim yn gallu cerdded dros y mynyddoedd wedyn, a fyddech chi byth yn gallu mynd a defaid nol yna os yw hynna digwydd. Felly mae llawer o broblemau, a thensiynau rhwng bob mathau o bobl i wneud gyda ffermio mynyddog yng Nghymru, a Phrydain 
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones
Sara: I bobl tu allan i ffermio yng Nghymru, be ti'n meddwl yw'r stereotypes?

Ffion: Backwards, hen ffasiwn, pobl sydd ddim yn hoffi gweld pobl ar eu tir- ac i ryw raddau mae hynna yn wir. Mae’n dibynnu be ti'n neud ar eu tir nhw. 'Dw i’n cofio fy nhad wastad yn gallu bod bach yn grac yn gweld pobl yn cerdded, achos roedd pobl yn gadael giatiau ar agor, ac roedd rhai pobl wedi torri ffens achos doedden nhw ddim eisiau cerdded drwy bach o bog. Scramblers, wastad yn torri chaeniau oddi ar giatiau ayyb, ac mae o yn boen pan mae pobl yn ymddwyn fel 'na.
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones 14/12 /2011
Sara: Efo prosiect ymchwil Cymerau, elli di ddweud sut fath o brosiect celfyddydol rwyt ti 'di cynnig, a pham?

Ffion: Ro’n i wedi gobeithio  defnyddio rhai o’r technegau ro’n i wedi darganfod yn ystod neud y PhD a rhoi'r amser i wrando ar bobl yn eu lle, felly ro’n i wedi gobeithio gweithio gyda ffermwyr ar hyd yr afon Leri. Fyddai ddim yn gwneud gwaith celf gyda nhw. 'Dw i jest eisiau gwrando arnyn nhw yn eu hamser eu hunain, a gwylio nhw’n gweithio a thrio ffeindio storiau'r afon o’u hochr nhw, a beth mae’n ei olygu iddyn nhw. 

Sara: Oes gen ti syniadau am be ti'n disgwyl darganfod- o gwbl?
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Ffion: Oes- mae Tal-y-bont yn le gyda hen ddiwydiant o felinau gwlân, a chloddio am blwm, Felly fi'n credu bydd na storiâu yn gysylltiedig gyda hynna, yn dod allan o’r sgyrsiau yna. Falle ddim. Mae diddordeb gen i mewn prosesu gwlân, felly bydd hynny’n ddiddorol i glywed amdano. Falle  golchi'r defaid yn yr afon yn yr hen ddyddiau, cyn iddyn nhw stopio gwneud hynna. Pethau fel 'na.
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Llun/artist: Ffion Jones 28/11 /2011
Sara: Efo ti, ydi dŵr yn rhywbeth ti di meddwl lot amdano, o ran dy waith, a dy fywyd? Mwy, efallai, na phobl eraill yn yr ardal? 

Ffion: Dydw’i i ddim yn credu mod i wedi meddwl lot am ddŵr. Mae dwr jest yn rhan o fywyd, fel chwarae yn yr afonydd pan o’n i’n blant. Rhedon ni allan o ddŵr pan o’n i’n ifanc, dwi’n cofio, a buom ni allan i'r afon i nôl dŵr, a dyma nhw’n palu bore-hole yn nhy mam a dad, pethau fel 'na. Mae 'na wastad pin points yn llwybr bywyd ble mae dŵr wedi chwarae ar ein meddyliau efallai.  Hefyd, fan hyn ar fferm ni, does dim afon 'da ni, felly rhaid i ni ffeindio ffordd o unigryw o gael dŵr i'n anifeiliaid ni. Felly lawr fanna, mae yna lyn bach a 'dan ni 'di pibellu dŵr o’r llyn, a'dan ni di cloddio i mewn i danciau’r anifeiliaid. Mae gennym ni drainpipe water collector. Pethau fel na, rhaid i chi feddwl am tsecio ar y dŵr i'r anifeiliaid o hyd. Achos dan ni ar dop Talybont, a mae’r dŵr lawr yn y gwaelod, rhaid i ni ffeindio ffyrdd o gael dŵr i’r anifeiliaid. Hefyd 'dw i'n credu yn y gwaith PhD o'dd dwr yn chwarae rôl yn rhai o’r delweddau. Mae 'na ‘recurring watery themes’ yn y gwaith, yn enwedig yn y ffilm olaf nes i.

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Sara Penrhyn Jones yn cyfweld Ffion Jones. Llun: Lena Penrhyn Jones 14/08/15
Read more by Sara Penrhyn Jones
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Slowing the flow-in practice: Conversation between Hydrocitizens

3/2/2016

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The following is an edited transcript of a conversation between Jane Lloyd Francis, Community Artist and Farm Manager, Liz Lewis-Reddy, Head of Living Landscapes, Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust, filmed and recorded by Sara Penrhyn Jones
Location: Jane Lloyd Francis’ farm, Aber Cegir, Mid-Wales
Date: 30th July, 2015

(Liz shows how water moves through the landscape by using a model. A short video which brings together some of these thoughts, and offers a demonstration of how water can be kept in the uplands can be seen here: link to be added)
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Slowing the Flow- understanding the basics. Dr Liz Lewis-Reddy demonstrates the principles with model and watering can. Video Still: Sara Penrhyn Jones, July 30th 2015.
Jane:
So Liz, I’m really intrigued and very interested in the work that you’re doing up at Pumlumon. Particularly because I’m working along the river Leri, that has suffered severe flooding in the past, and I know that you and the Montgomeryshire Trust have got a scheme underway to alleviate some of the problems to do with flooding.
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Liz:
Effectively the Pumlumon Project came about because it was recognised that there was a number of threats in the Welsh uplands; threats to biodiversity, which was our first interest as a Wildlife Trust, but also threats to the way that people engage with the landscapes. Agricultural income was falling, the environment was declining, and these were all thought to be very separate things, until we started looking into the situation a bit more closely and we discovered that they were all very tightly interlinked.  So the way that the land was being managed, or not managed, was having a significant impact on the quality of the environment that was up there and therefore the quality of habitat and the different types of wildlife that you would encounter.  As the Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust, we looked at it closely and decided what would be the best route to address some of these issues. The first thing we came to was that we had to work with the people who were actually managing the land themselves. So it wasn’t a matter of us as a wildlife trust coming in and working directly on the land, independent of the communities who lived there.  It was something that we very much had to work on in partnership and in collaboration, so that everything we did was sustainable and viable for the long term, and wasn’t just going to be just another short-term impact, that was forgotten about in a decade or so.  

Key to all of this, the underlying theme was how water was impacting these habitats up there both in terms of what was falling out of the sky, and how it was moving through the land, taking away some of the nutrients, relevant to agricultural production, but then as a consequence, polluting the rivers downstream, affecting people’s drinking water, and the amount of water that was flowing out of the mountains.  There’s three-metre annual rainfall in the Pumlumon mountain range, which is a significant amount of water, if you think of three metres as being in the region of a storey and a half of an average building. So it was very important that we addressed that situation which is how water moves through that landscape, and the impact that it was having on various communities, both ecological and economic, and social communities in the area.

Jane:

I wonder how things have changed then on the mountain, historically? Did it used to be different to how it is today?

Liz:
The biggest difference is probably how people have interacted with the mountain and the surrounding hillsides and the lowlands. There used to be much more of a people-based community up in the mountains. People would move their stock up into the mountains in the summertime, and take them off in the winter. There were many more people living up there and engaging with that landscape, so in some ways being able to react to the changes that were taking place environmentally much more quickly. Nowadays it’s much more a case of people taking their stock up and leaving them there for long periods of time, and not necessarily living up there with them and then taking them off and moving entirely into the villages and towns downstream. So whereas you used to have a community of people who were migrating between the lowlands and uplands with their stock, it is only the stock who are migrating these days, and the type of stock was changing as well. So whereas in the past you would have had a mix of cattle and sheep, now it is predominantly sheep, because of the cost of managing cattle, and of course, bovine tuberculosis is a big issue with moving animals about.

The Welsh Government or UK Government’s incentives, post-war, were all about food production, and so that had two impacts on the upland landscape. Firstly, there was more pressure for sheep-based meat production because it’s a much quicker turnaround than cattle and it’s a much lower intensive system. Secondly, you were trying to change the habitat that is present in the uplands, so that they were more productive for this grazing animal, effectively draining some of these very, very wet habitats, drying them out, so that grasses could become a much more dominant member of that community, grasses being what the sheep were eating. 

Jane: 
So here we have a model of what happens when we get three metres of rain, falling on the uplands, and without anything to take up that water, perhaps you can show us what the consequences would be?

Liz:
Sure, what we have is a model that we created to demonstrate how water moves through the landscape. (Describes how this works with the visual aid of the model- which at first doesn’t absorb any water- and with a watering can). As you can see if I pour water, straight from the heavens, on to these very flat habitats, it just flows straight off . (Demonstrates how ‘houses’ underneath are flooded as a consequence) This is the worst-case scenario in terms of what the habitat would look without any absorption properties whatsoever. (She then uses pieces of felt to represent how peat can function in this system).  Peat soil is effectively decaying sphagnum mosses, and what happens is because these habitats are very wet, you end up having an anaerobic digestion of this plant material, and that happens over centuries.  It’s not something that happens quickly, and it’s not something that happens in a matter of days; these are centuries of peat bog accumulation, in these very wet, warmish, environments. They build up, and build up, and in some places in the Pumlumon hills you can have up to seven metres of peat. There is a need to restore these very drained peat-bogs so that they can start absorbing some of that water, rather than just stopping that flow, because this isn’t a concrete dam; it’s just slowing the flow, and that slowing is so essential to how it will affect downstream communities.  

Crucially, it isn’t just what’s going on in the uplands that will have an impact on how that water moves through the landscape. If you think of the gullies that surround a lot of our upland rivers and streams at the moment they just tend to be scree, and shingle, there’s not much vegetation, but that’s a combination of the fact that we’ve had a lot of mining history in the area, so it’s altered a lot of the chemical constituents in the surrounding landscape, but also because sheep  have been allowed free access across most of the mountain, which means that they will selectively pick out little trees as they start to grow up. However, if you exclude stock from these very agriculturally marginal areas,  then you can have gully woodlands coming up. Trees have very complex and deep rooting systems and what that effectively means is that when water flows through the landscape, if you’ve got tree roots either through gully woodlands or hedgerows, then it slows the flow of the water, and a significant amount of that water is taken up by the trees themselves. 
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Gully Woodlands can help to prevent flooding. Video Still: Sara Penrhyn Jones, July 30th, 2015
There are a whole range of solutions that you can look at in terms of ensuring that the water flowing off the mountain slows in its flow, and a lot of that nutrient uptake that would have been washed into the sea actually gets taken up by the surrounding communities. But also crucial to the solution is a permeable agricultural landscape.  As you get down into the lowlands, if the soil compaction in the surrounding agricultural fields is quite low and the root penetration of the grasses and the plants within the agricultural grassland is quite deep, then that in turn will play its part in terms of slowing the flow of the water and the movement of that nutrient through the system. (She demonstrates that a more diverse landscape in terms of the habitat features and the health of the ecology improves the absorption now taking place, and reduces flooding downstream). Although not perfect, we have a healthier, more robust environment, that is providing a service to the communities downstream, in terms of how that water is managed as it moves through the landscape, slowing the flow, taking the peaks off those flooding events, and enabling those nutrients that are coming off the mountainside, to be absorbed by some of those communities on the mountainside, but also the communities down in the agricultural landscape.
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Working to protect houses downstream, which themselves can also help to manage water responsibly. Video Still: Sara Penrhyn Jones, July 30th 2015.
Jane:
How do you think we can make these communities more aware of the work that you are doing, and what part might they play?

Liz:
I think the key thing is to make sure that we engage at every level, so at the moment we spend a lot of time working with the landowning community, working with farmers directly, but you’re absolutely right. The next step is to bring in the people who live in those towns and villages, that are being impacted by flooding events, or by impacts on their water quality, and explaining to them what it is that we do.  We can actually work with them to make a difference as well, because it’s not just what happens in the uplands, it’s about what you can do downstream, whether its ensuring that your septic tank is emptied, or whether it’s making sure that your  garden is not just a concrete slab, but allows  water to flow. It’s also being more clever about where we build structures, so being aware of the environment that surrounds you, so that you’re working with nature, rather than working against it.

Jane:

So we’ve talked a little bit about individuals perhaps taking some more responsibility for taking up water, growing things rather than perhaps concreting over things, do you think there’s a place for community initiative?

Liz:
The most important message that we’d like to get across is that all individuals have a role to play in the water as it moves through their community and the way that they use water. It's exactly the same argument that people make about the energy  sector, which is that the responsibility doesn’t necessarily have to be in the power generation but in how people use that power. It means being aware of when they’re wasting power and only using it when they need it. The exact same principle applies to water, so for example, when you’re watering your garden, it makes a lot of sense to have water butts, which catch rainfall off your roof rather than pulling the water out of your tap. Or, for example, if you have a garden that doesn’t have bedding that is very permeable to water, so a lot of people like to put down big tiles, which obviously are nice to walk on, but the water then doesn’t permeate through the ground. It forces the water into different places. There’s lots of really innovative ways that you can make your garden more permeable, no matter how big that garden is, whether it’s only a couple of square metres or whether you have a whole acre to play with. Trees and shrubs are really crucial as well. You can get advice about from your local wildlife trust or your local community organisations about these deep-rooting, complex-rooting system plants. When you’re talking about wildlife gardening, it isn’t just about the species that are at the top of the soil but how they interact with the soil beneath the surface as well that is so crucial.  We have to become much more responsible and aware of the water we use, and how we treat the water that’s around us, to make us much more engaged with our local environments.

Jane:

Is it surprising that the Montgomeryshire wildlife trust is getting involved? You’d normally expect you to be involved in wildlife and habitat management, but isn't this stepping outside your remit a little?

Liz:

In the past the wildlife trusts origin was all based on protecting those remnants of the wild landscapes that surrounds us, and our remit is still very much that. However, I think that we’ve recognised over time that the nature reserve idea, those jewels in the crown, if you don’t have the crown, the jewels are just scattered across the landscape. So we need to have a joined up network, of healthy, robust environments, gardens, and farmland, and all aspects of the environment form part of this. So we’ve recognised that we’ve have to work outside the boundaries of our nature reserves, with farmers, with private landowners, to maximise the gain for the environment. What’s really crucial is that now the scientific community is presenting strong arguments that a healthy and robust natural environment is very, very tightly related to a healthy and robust economy, and that of course then has significant effects on our social environment.  So it’s all very much inter-related. We as a wildlife trust – it’ s no longer just about what’s outdoors- it’s about how people engage with that landscape, and the quality of their lives, as well.

Jane:

How do we get more people aware of what’s happening upstream do you think?

Liz:
I think it’s a consequence of who we are as creatures that we tend to focus on our own patch, rather than looking wider and you can see that replicated in the way that we manage our municipal services and even the way that the wildlife trusts are set up, that they’re very locally based.  That has it’s benefits because then people can be tied into what’s going on, local to them, but it also removes from the potential to see the bigger picture, and I think that one of the key ways that you can engage local people in the bigger picture is through models like this,  because you can see that if you start to take things away, at a local level, it has an impact, directly, on you, but you don’t necessarily understand the impacts that are going on upstream, and they are crucial to how you are being affected at a local level.

So we’ve been talking mainly about water and how water moves through the system but a key element of the uplands and associated in particular with peaty solids is the amount of carbon moving through the system as well. Peat bogs have an accumulation of carbon, over centuries, that if released into the environment, would have a significant impact on the UK greenhouse gas emissions, and the way that release occurs, is through that drainage, that post-war agricultural modification of the uplands to drain these landscapes and make them more grassy for sheep production.  What happens is the layers of that peat bog become exposed and as they expose they dry out and dissolve into that water that’s moving through the system, and that carbon gets released through that dissolution in to the water, so along with all those nutrients, that flow of water down into the lowlands, you ‘re getting all this carbon being released as well.  If you restore, if you reverse that process, block up those ditches, and enhance the quality of that habitat, that carbon that is at risk of being released, is locked away and prevented from being emitted, and crucially, more and more carbon starts to accumulate because the natural process of growth and decay in peat bogs has been restored.

Jane:

How can people support the Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust?

Liz:

The Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust is leading on this Pumlumon project.  However, our wildlife trusts throughout the UK  (there are 47 of us, and we’re usually quite local and county based) are delivering that message of a high-quality environment resulting in high-quality habitat for wildlife, but for people too.  If you want to become involved with your local wildlife trust, whether you live in Montgomeryshire, Ceredigion, or elsewhere in the UK,  then the best thing to do is become a member, get involved, find out what we’re doing. There’s lots of advice and support, for example with the wildlife gardening, and how to become more water-aware that we can offer you, and you can work with us. If you don’t want to become a member, it’s just having access to those resources, information, that can enable you to do something on your own piece of ground, that will help you support this initiative and the wider environment.
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Water sketchbooks

29/1/2016

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​Thinking Biblically about Borth. Most of it was built in the late 1800's. I suppose the Victorian/Edwardian love of money overcame their Piousness.
Lots of Houses and businesses having big money spent on them still .... is it human nature to ignore the obvious proximity of disaster - whats to lose and gain? I'm going to talk to some of these people.
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I was stuck at an office computer when I read Gwilym Morus-Bairds blog post on the poetry surrounding the Leri River. A strong sense of melancholy and cultural loss , it seemed very dark, I thought about all the people , good ,bad and indifferent , whose lives and music flowed down from the mountain through the Leri ,I  sketched this in biro and tipex . .
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Read more by Boz Groden
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Pumlumon Project- 'Slowing the flow' with the local community

19/1/2016

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The Pumlumon Project, established in 2007, takes its name from the mountain at the centre of its project area, across 40,000 hectares of Cambrian uplands. It's led by the Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust, and described as as a 'pioneering, science-based project to revive the ecology and economy of the Welsh uplands'. It works with connections: those that exist upstream and downstream, between people and each other, with and through the natural environment. Sustainable agricultural incomes, healthy habitats and biodiversity are all considered as compatible parts of the same end-goal. Underlying all of this is the focus on improving water management for the benefit of all, human and non-humans alike. 

The Pumlumon Project's ethos of working with the communities who are already connected to the land makes it a particularly relevant project for the Hydrocitizenship team to consider. 
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Dr Liz Reddy-Brown, Head of Living Landscapes, Motgomeryshire Wildlife Trust, Interview: Jane Lloyd Francis/Photograph: Sara Penrhyn Jones July 30th, 2015
This map below shows the Pumlumon project area, which is just beyond Borth and Tal-y-bont, the two main villages in Cymerau, the Welsh case study for Hydrocitizenship. What happens upstream is highly relevant for the villages in the surrounding area. Especially, as Dr Liz Lewis-Reddy from the Trust points out, there is a three-metre annual rainfall in thePumlumon mountain range. She helps people to visualise this by comparing this to the height of a storey and half an average building. Clearly, the way that water falls on these uplands, and then moves through it, will have a huge impact on the surrounding area. Much of these villages have suffered terrible flooding. The source of three rivers are to be found here too: the Wye, Rheidol, and the longest river in Britain, the Severn.
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I spent a day in July 2015 talking with Liz about this project, in the company of community artist and farm manager Jane Lloyd Francis. As an artist who has also been commissioned by Cymerau, Jane has been quick to see that the Pumlumon project enacts some guiding principles for what 'Hydrocitizenship' might mean on the ground. A farm manager herself, she has worked directly with Liz, and feels passionate about the benefits of the Wildlife Trust working with farmers to manage the uplands. It is farming, which began here in the Neolithic period, which has shaped the character of these hills, and continues to do so. ​
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Jane Lloyd Francis. Interview & Photograph: Sara Penrhyn Jones, July 30th, 2015
The sheep farmers of Wales have certainly not been presented in a very favourable ecological light of late. Notoriously, in George Monbiot's book, Feral: Rewilding the Land, the Sea and Human Life. I discuss his representation of Pumlumon in this book here. Interestingly, Monbiot claims that an insurance company was interested in buying and reforesting some of the Welsh uplands because it realised that 'this would be cheaper than paying out for carpets in Gloucester'. Apparently, they did not act on this because of anticipated political difficulties. Such difficulties might include the impression that the Welsh hills were being 'cleansed' of hill farmers for the benefit of English towns. The memory of the drowning of Welsh villages, such as Capel Celyn, in 1960s, still very much alive in the Welsh psyche. This drowning brought water- as it turns out- for industrial purposes in towns like Liverpool, who have since offered an official apology. There are contemporary controversies over the ownership of that water, which has significant financial value, diverted from Wales
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Capel Celyn, Photo: Sara Penrhyn Jones, June 14th, 2015. This local remembers the village before it was drowned, and recounts that residents were given a choice to leave the graves of relatives and loved ones behind, to be drowned, or dug up and relocated.
The Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust is very overt about it's mission to work with the communities (including farmers) who are connected with the Welsh Uplands. As Lewis- Reddy explained:

'Effectively the Pumlumon project came about because it was recognised that there was a number of threats in the Welsh uplands; threats to biodiversity, which was our first interest as a wildlife trust, but also threats to the way that people engage with the landscape. Agricultural income was falling, the environment was declining, and these were all thought to be very separate things, until we started looking into the situation a bit more closely and we discovered that they were all very tightly interlinked.  So the way that the land was being managed, or not managed, was having a significant impact on the quality of the environment that was up there and therefore the quality of habitat and the different types of wildlife that you would encounter.' ​
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Pumlumon. Photo: Sara Penrhyn Jones, July 30th, 2015
I was fortunate to be able to film an interview between Jane Lloyd Francis and Dr Liz Lewis-Reddy, and through this process I reached a better understanding of the work of the Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust. Their conversation is edited and published here.

Essentially, the Trust is working to restore very drained peat-bogs in a landscape that has suffered from intensive sheep farming. They have explored and promoted a range of solutions to this problem, such as advocating for some agriculturally marginal land to be kept sheep-free. This would allow trees and shrubs to grow (in gullies for instance), drawing water from the land with their complex root systems. There are benefits to all if nutrients can be drawn and held in the landscape, rather than washing into the sea. Such measures to restore the peat, and hold water in the land will also slow the flow of water downstream and help with flooding. Locking carbon into the peat will help to control emissions, relevant to climate change. Helping to explain these connections to the communities involved is an important aspect of the work.
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Jane Lloyd Francis' ongoing exploration: Ffynhonnell:Source (part of a collaboration with Jess Allen: Drop In the Ocean). Photo: Sara Penrhyn Jones March 23, 2015
It may be natural to focus only on what's happening upstream, but the principles of hydro-citizenship apply downstream as well. As Liz explains:

'The most important message that we’d like to get across is that all individuals have a role to play in the water as it moves through their community.'
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This means being far more conscious of water, for example: using it responsibly, thinking about how to make our own gardens more permeable, making sure that septic tanks are empty, and collecting rainwater. A particular characteristic of ecological citizenship is that it shifts more weight towards responsibilities, rather than rights (as Andrew Dobson explains here): 'The source of the ecological citizen's obligation does not lie in reciprocity or mutual advantage, but in a non-reciprocal sense of justice, or of compassion.' Although acts of ecological citizenship can provide direct benefits for individuals and communities, that is not the primary motivation. Rather than having some kind of contract with the state, we have a set of obligations towards strangers, 'distant in time, as well as in space' (p6). Thinking of 'downstream' and 'upstream' responsibilities means acting in real, physical ways, but also conveys something more abstract; it is a commitment to act for those that we may never know, including the non-human.
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Water but- may seem unnecessary with all the rain and flooding in UK, but our water crisis is complex. Photo: Sara Penrhyn Jones, May 2014.
What is perhaps most interesting about the work of the Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust is that they see every aspect of the management of the uplands as being interlinked. Everything starts with the local, but becomes significant on a far greater scale. In fact, it is the framing of these landscapes, and their communities together, that first attracted Jane Lloyd Francis.
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Jane Lloyd Francis' act of 'Hydrocitizenship'- planting hedgerow on her own land. Video-still: Sara Penrhyn Jones, June 30th, 2015
Recognising that her own farm was ideally situated to slow the run-off into the Dyfi, Jane planted hedgerow on her land, to compliment the bog area which was also soaking up water. Jane's neighbours subsequently became interested in making similar changes to their own land. As Jane notes:

'I think that method of word-of -mouth communication is something that works particularly well here in Wales, and is probably more effective than any other form of marketing or trying to force policies on people.'
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Connecting with and through water. Jane Lloyd Francis, contributing/performing Sea Urchin. Artist: Jenny Hall and collaborators, Cymerau launch, Borth. Photo: Sara Penrhyn Jones, June 20th, 2015
Towards Hydrocitizenship, as a research project, does aim to connect communities with and through the natural environment, with a particular focus on water. It does also try to promote the idea that citizenship should be (re)configured to include a shared sense of responsibility for our natural resources, such as water. We would all like to see positive, sustainable, ecological change. I think that Jane was right to see a connection between the ethos of Hydrocitizenship, and the Pumlumon Project:

'I think it’s necessary to go to events and explain what’s happening, and also to give power, to empower the individual and small communities, into believing that what they do matters, and it’s not always that they give the responsibility to someone else, to government agencies, to water authorities, that it’s always someone else’s fault. Because there’s an awful lot that we can do as individuals and communities, and I think that people don’t realise that really. I also don’t think that they would expect Montgomeryshire Wildlife Trust to be leading such an initiative and I think it’s important to explain that to them.' 

Indeed, the Wildlife Trust may not be the first organisation to come to mind when considering the issue of flooding, and its effects on human communities. Yet Liz presents a compelling argument:

'What’s really crucial is that now the scientific community is presenting strong arguments that a healthy and robust natural environment is very, very tightly related to a healthy and robust economy, and that of course then has significant effects on our social environment.  So it’s all very much inter-related. We, as a wildlife trust – it’s no longer just about what’s outdoors. It’s about how people engage with that landscape, and the quality of their lives, as well.'

It does certainly seems like a false distinction to separate the ecological and social.
Read more by Sara Penrhyn Jones
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Sketchbook interactions around water in Borth

13/1/2016

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Working as part of the Cymerau project , I am investigating how water shapes the lives of people in the Leri catchment area of mid Wales. These sketchbook pages contain rough cartoons and ideas from people in my home village of Borth , a narrow strip surrounded by sea and bog . They have  peculiar attitudes to the apparent vulnerability of the community.
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​As the project continues , I produce finished cartoons of peoples contrasting experiences and values around water, and contribute to a map of water experience.
The intention is to use humour and accessibility to connect with people who may find recieved notions of fine art and academic discussion  irrelevant to their lives.
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In the course of conversations , I have found attitudes and stories concerning death, drug use and ignorance, as well as appreciation and joy.I take an inclusive approach to my work , and the simplicity of graphic art can deal with some difficult experiences.
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I spend a lot of time surfing . I can say without reservation that supposedly 'cool' and 'in touch' water users such as surfers are among the most ignorant and hypocritical of all people that use the sea.
Read More by Boz Groden
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